英美概况3分析.ppt

New industries 新型工业 ① Contents: These include microprocessors微处理器and computers计算机, biotechnology生物学and other high-tech industries高科技工业. ② Three areas: the area between London and South Wales, the Cambridge area of East Anglia, and the area between Glasgow an d Edinburgh in Scotland (the most important area, which called “Silicon Glen”). 英国高科技工业发展较好的地区有三个: 伦敦和南威尔士之间的地区, 东英 吉利的剑桥地区以及苏格兰的格拉斯哥和爱丁堡之间的地区, 第三地区是三 大地区中最引人注目的, 现在常被称为“硅谷”。 ③ Scotland has Europe’s largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories. Over 90% of them are from the U.S.A., Japan, the Netherlands and Germany. 苏格兰有很多欧洲最大的外资硅片厂家。这些公司中90% 以上是美国( 最 多) 、日本、荷兰和德国的。 美国顶级电子公司中有11 家在苏格兰有生产基地, 但大多数苏格兰工厂 仅是外国设计的产品的组装厂。到1985 年, 估计英国一半的集成电路产 品出自苏格兰。更为重要的事实是, 到1985 年, 苏格兰的电子行业的雇员 达42, 000 人, 几乎是采煤、钢铁和造船这三大传统工业人数的总和。 Textile Industries ① Regions: The main textile producing regions of Britain are now the East Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside, and Northern Ireland. ② Reasons for decline: a. Exports of textiles are not competitive enough. b. There has been a rise in cheaper imports of textiles. c. Poor and outdated management decisions. d. There are more human-made fibers. Agriculture Highly mechanized ① Only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area. ② Very modern farmers use computers today. (They talk about technological farming, which is called “agribusiness”. That is because it is equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm or processes which occur on the farm, and outputs or products which leave the farm.) ③ In some areas factory farming methods are used. 英国人是现代农业的先驱, 他们首先在农业中引入科学和机械。他们开 发了多种新品种作物, 并用农作物轮耕法保持土壤肥沃。农业是英国最重 要产业之一, 它是国家大多数食物和许多原材料的来源。农业已高度机械 化。英国只有3%的农业人口, 但他们却管理着70% 的土地。 英国主要有六种农业类型。它们是: 耕种业、乳品场、畜牧业、混 合农业、山地畜牧业和市场果蔬业。 (1)耕地业重点是农作物生产, 分布在肥沃的土壤区。主要地区为东部和 东南部, 这儿的土地地势较低平。有大片土地可使用机械化。土壤较深较 肥沃, 气候更适合种植农作物。天气较干燥, 阳光较充足。主要农作物有 小麦、大麦、燕麦、甜菜和土豆。 (2)乳品场饲养的牛主要供生产牛奶。主要地区是草长得好的地区, 因此,降雨量适中, 冬天温和, 夏季凉爽的西部地区是重要的奶