Lecture 2 Unit 3 U的K history.pptVIP

Focus: Chronological sketch of the UK as a nation Major historical events , episodes, characters and their significance. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtml;First known settlers: the Iberians After around 800BC: the Celts invaded from central Europe and covered most of the British Isles in three waves: About 600BC: came the Gaels About 400BC: came the Brythons About 150BC: came the Brythons ;British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion: 55BC 54BC: Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In 43AD: the Roman Emperor Claudius took most of Britain , thus, starting the nearly nearly 400 years of Roman occupation. ;Claudius;Infrastructure construction: baths, town, roads, and military works. Hadrian’s Wall (built to prevent attack from the Celts The spread of Latin and Christianity ;Hadrian’s Wall;Among other reasons, First , the Romans always treated the Britons as slaves. Second, never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. Third, the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. ;In the 5th century: Jutes, Saxons, and Angles (Teutonic tribes) invaded Britain First came the Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then came the Saxons from northern Germany, establishing their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name Heptarchy. ;Heptarchy;The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity before the formation of a unified nation. In 597: Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, to England to co