Linux uart驱动和应用.docxVIP

#define TTY_MAJOR4#define TTYAUX_MAJOR5Tty : 终端设备的统称。一般分为：控制台、串口和pty./dev/ttySn: 串行端口终端（串口），串行端口被看做字符设备。4:66 （设备号）- ../../devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS24:67 - ../../devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS34:68 - ../../devices/platform/serial8250/tty/ttyS4echo test /dev/ttyS2可接串口来测试ttyS2。Pty: pseudo tty虚拟（伪）终端pts(pseudo-terminal slave) 与ptmx(pseudo-terminal master) 配合使用实现pty。打开一个伪terminal,那么将会在devpts文件系统/dev/pts下创建一个对应的pts字符文件。通过tty命令（或者who am i）查看当前终端，可以看出此伪terminal对应着pts3。再打开一个伪terminal：此伪terminal对应着pts4.两个终端间传输信息：/dev/tty: 就是当前使用的终端。设备号：5:0tty可以是pts3，也可以是tty1。控制台终端：tty0:代表当前使用的控制台终端。设备号4:0.Ubuntu下：图像界面下通过Ctrl + Alt + F1—F6 可以切换到tty1到tty6。Ctrl + Alt + F7切会图像界面。Pts3 发送到tty1。/dev/console是指向当前console。设备号5:1----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tty核心：structtty_driver *alloc_tty_driver(int lines){structtty_driver *driver;driver = kzalloc(sizeof(structtty_driver), GFP_KERNEL);if (driver) {kref_init(driver-kref);driver-magic = TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC;driver-num = lines;（次设备个数）/* later well move allocation of tables here */}return driver;}//分配一个结构体tty_driver，初始化其magic、tty_register_driver(structtty_driver *driver){if (!(driver-flags TTY_DRIVER_DEVPTS_MEM) driver-num) {p = kzalloc(driver-num * 2 * sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);}if (!driver-major) {error = alloc_chrdev_region(dev, driver-minor_start,driver-num, driver-name);} else {dev = MKDEV(driver-major, driver-minor_start);error = register_chrdev_region(dev, driver-num, driver-name);} //如果没有指定主设备号，则分配并注册，否则直接注册设备号。if (p) {driver-ttys = (structtty_struct **)p;driver-termios = (structktermios **)(p + driver-num);} else {driver-ttys = NULL;driver-termios = NULL;}cdev_init(driver-cdev, tty_fops); //初始化设备操作函数集。driver-cdev.owner = driver-owner;error = cdev_add(driver-cdev, dev, driver-num); //注册字符设备。mutex_lock(tty_mutex);list_add(driver-tty_drivers, tty_drivers); //此driver-tty_drivers加到链表tty_drivers上mutex_unlock(tty_mutex);if (!(driver-flags