端午节的历史起源学说.doc

端午节的历史起源学说 此说最早出自南朝梁代吴均《续齐谐记》和北周宗懔《荆楚岁时记》的记载。据说，屈原于五月初五自投汨罗江，死后为蛟龙所困，世人哀之，每于此日投五色丝粽子于水中，以驱蚊龙。又传，屈原投汨罗江后，当地百姓闻讯马上划船捞救，千直行至洞庭湖。后来为了寄托哀思，人们荡舟江河之上，此后才逐渐发展成为龙舟竞赛。 此说出自东汉《曹娥碑》。春秋时吴国忠臣伍子胥含冤而死之后，化为涛神，世人哀而祭之，故有端午节。 其主要理由是：(一)端午节两个最主要的活动吃粽子和竞渡，都与龙相关。粽子投入水里常被蛟龙所窃，而竞渡则用的是龙舟。(二)竞渡与古代吴越地方的关系尤深，况且吴越百姓还有断发纹身“以像龙子”的习俗。(三)古代五月初五日有用“五彩丝系臂”的民间风俗，这应当是“像龙子”的纹身习俗的遗迹。 在先秦时代，普遍认为五月是个毒月，五日是恶日。这样，在此日插菖蒲、艾叶以驱鬼，薰苍术、白芷和喝雄黄酒以避疫，就是顺理成章的事。 由刘德谦在其书中提出的三个主要观点：(一)权威性的岁时著作《荆楚岁时记》并未提到五月初五日要吃粽子的节日风俗，却把吃粽子写在夏至节中。至于竞渡，隋代杜台卿所作的《玉烛宝典》把它划入夏至日的娱乐活动，可见不一定就是为了打捞投江的伟大诗人屈原。(二)端午节风俗中的一些内容，如“踏百草”、“斗百草”、“采杂药”等，实际上与屈原无关。(三)《岁时风物华纪丽》对端午节的第一个解释是：“日叶正阳，时当中即端午节正是夏季之中，故端午节又可称为天中节。由此端午节的最早起源当系夏至。. 在民俗文化领域，中国民众把端午节的龙舟竞渡和吃粽子等，都与纪念屈原联系在一起。各种说法都有其依据，但以纪念屈原之说影响最为广泛。由于屈原的人格艺超群，人们也愿意把这一纪念日归之于他。 daily morning exercises or class-break setting-up exercise and discipline inspection and appraisal of public signs;2, daily cleaning and inspection;3, the daily student school appearance, dress, wearing school card check;4, the daily duty guide to the leadership class discipline three rounds.Weekly moral education work:L, the flag raising ceremony and the national flag speech under the flag raising ceremony held on Monday;2, every week a class meeting, the meeting;3, every week two exercises, cleaning and hygiene, behavior norms, attendance situation published cloth appraisal, and the issue of the code of conduct;;4, weekly work week.Monthly moral education work:1, at least once a month, the theme of education activities, to patriotism education, behavior norms of education as the focus, combined with major retreat day.2, the monthly class quantization assessment and class teacher assessment, selection of behavior for the standard model class.Moral education in each term:1, at the end of each semester to form three good student, outstanding student cadres, civilized student.2, at least once a semester, parents will be.,Student etiquette conventionA, the school leavers1, dress neatly to wear school card, step posture