老北京的端午节.docVIP

老北京的端午节 旧历五月五日为端午节，老北京人习惯俗称为五月节。端午节又称端阳节，端、初同义，五、午相通，按地支顺推算，五月为午月，故初五日作端午，又因午时为阳辰，亦称端阳。 端阳节始于年龄战国时代，起源于江南，由来有多种说法，民间流传最广，最有影响的说法是纪念伟大爱国诗人楚大夫屈原。宋代为表彰屈原的精忠，追封他为忠烈公，正式将五月五日端午节赋予纪念屈原的意义。抗日战争时又定五月五日为诗人节。 端午节时，在南方讲究举行龙船竞渡，在北京明清两代则讲究熙游避灾。初五日上午，群进天坛避毒，天坛是祈年圣地、各胜，既仰仗天之神力避毒，又可游乐;过午，有的到鱼池或高粱桥、满井、草桥、积水潭等处饮醵熙游。 端午应节食品是粽子，一般是小枣粽子，蘸白糖吃。时令鲜品是樱桃、桑椹。糕点展卖一种用模子刻出蛇、蜈蚣、蝎子、蜘蛛和蟾蜍图案的桃酥式的圆糕点，叫五毒饼。人们以这些时鲜和应节糕点用来上供或互相送礼。 北京人俗谓善正月，恶五月。因五月天气温热，易生病毒瘟疫，故用天师符和钟馗像来镇宅、驱避邪祟。清人柴桑《燕京记》云：(端午)前数日，肆间用黄纸盖朱印，或绘天师、钟馗像，或五毒之形，人购而粘门上，以逐祟恶。从五月初一起，各家还将菖蒲、中小学生作文大全网艾草插在门的两旁，一曰蒲剑，一曰艾虎，也为辟邪驱瘟。为辟邪，京城端午时，人们还纷纷买蒲鞋穿上过节。 端午节还有扔灾一说。节前，手巧的妇女以五彩绫罗制成小虎、葫芦、樱桃、桑椹、瓜豆、葱、蒜外形，用彩线串起来，五月初一那天系于小儿的钗头或背上、胸前;小姑娘还用硬纸条叠成菱形粽子，缠上五彩丝线，戴在身上，通称葫芦、续命缕。到了五月初五午时之后摘下来，连同贴在门楣上的剪纸葫芦揭下来，一起仍到门外，叫扔灾。 节日期间，人们还要饮黄酒，在小孩头上用雄黄画一王字，有的还用雄黄涂小孩的耳鼻孔，说是夏日能避蜈蚣等毒虫钻到耳鼻孔中往。 daily morning exercises or class-break setting-up exercise and discipline inspection and appraisal of public signs;2, daily cleaning and inspection;3, the daily student school appearance, dress, wearing school card check;4, the daily duty guide to the leadership class discipline three rounds.Weekly moral education work:L, the flag raising ceremony and the national flag speech under the flag raising ceremony held on Monday;2, every week a class meeting, the meeting;3, every week two exercises, cleaning and hygiene, behavior norms, attendance situation published cloth appraisal, and the issue of the code of conduct;;4, weekly work week.Monthly moral education work:1, at least once a month, the theme of education activities, to patriotism education, behavior norms of education as the focus, combined with major retreat day.2, the monthly class quantization assessment and class teacher assessment, selection of behavior for the standard model class.Moral education in each term:1, at the end of each semester to form three good student, outstanding student cadres, civilized student.2, at least once a semester, parents will be.,Student etiquette conventionA, the school leav