四级公路标准设计和施工放样本科学位论文.docVIP

题目：四级公路标准设计和施工放样 摘要 测量的工作包括内业和外业，本文主要阐述外业的内容，即施工放线。测量放样工作应遵循从整体到局部的原则，先进行控制测量，再进行细部放样测量。通过控制测量，建立起平面控制点和高程控制点与工程构造物特征点之间的平面位置和高程的几何联系。bstract Measurement of work included within the industry and outside the industry, this article focuses on Field content, namely construction line. Measurement Lofting shall follow from the principle of the whole to the part, making controlled measurements, then setting out survey in detail. By controlling the measurement, establishment of plane control points and height between locus of control and project structure features of the geometric relation of positio