复辟时期和启蒙运动英国文学.pptVIP

Restoration And Enlightenment 1660-1798 The Restoration Refers to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 Charles II - spent exile in France, patron of arts and sciences James II William and Mary Anne - Scotland officially united with England to form Great Britain, outlived all 16 of her children George I George II George III - suffered from mental illness, ruled for 60 years, political blunders resulted in the loss of the American Colonies The Enlightenment A philosophical movement that emphasized natural rights of life, liberty and property Age of Reason Sir Isaac Newton - order, balance, logic reason, scientific inquiry was applied to everything from farming to politics Writers, artists, politicians, etc., gathered in coffeehouses to exchange ideas, conduct business, and gossip Improvements Living conditions and changes in ways of life Dramatic advances in agriculture Breeding advancements yield larger animals Steam power Industrial Revolution - changed way of life for all Women and children labored long hours with low pay By the end of the period, a mass of restless, impoverished workers had grown. Language Samuel Johnson - Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Robert Lowth - A Short Introduction of English Grammar Based on Latin - rules often proved inappropriate for English Overseas colonization brought new words and increased differences in spoken English Literature Neoclassicism Stressed balance, logic, sophisticated wit, and emotional restraint Birth of the novel - Robinson Crusoe Toward the end of the period, poetry began to reflect themes close to the human heart - the first hints of Romanticism Satire 18th Century - The Golden Age of Satire Satire A literary technique that mixes criticism with humor Uses laughter as a weapon, usually to encourage social reform Two Types of Satire Horatian satire - playfully amusing, seeks to correct a vice or foolishness with gentle laughter Juvenalian satire - darker kind of laughter, bitter and criticizes c