必修二module4 语法.pptVIP

Module 4 动名词和不定式作宾语及动名词作主语 一、动名词和不定式作宾语 1.有些动词后只跟不定式。如：afford, offer, manage, refuse, promise, pretend, wish, hope, agree, ask, decide, expect等。例如： He failed to pass the driving test. I can’t afford to buy a car. 2. 有些动词和短语后面只接动名词。如 admit, avoid, keep, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish ,can’t help, mention, mind, miss, practise, can’t stand, permit, risk, resist, pardon, put off, keep on等。例如 No one can avoid making mistakes. 3. hate, like, love后，表示习惯性或经常性的行为，通常的动作时，多用动名词；表示特定的、具体的一次性的活动室则用不定式。例如 I love lying on sands and staring into the sky. 4. remember, forget, stop, go on, try, mean, regret 后接动名词或不定式时，意义不同。 （1）remember 记得 Please remember to take the medicine. I remember taking the medicine. (2) forget 忘记 I forgot to post the letter. I forgot posting the letter. (3) stop 停止 We stopped to have a rest. I really must stop smoking. (4) go on 继续 The president（校长） welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the college regulation.(校规） Peter went on sleeping despite the noise outside. (5) try to do sth try doing （6）mean to do mean doing I don’t mean to be rude, but could you stop smoking? Jumping from job means losing some benefit. 努力/试图做某事 尝试/试着做某事 打算做某事 意味着 (7) regret to do sth regret doing sth I regret to tell you that you failed the test. I regret lending him so much money. He never paid me back. 对做某事感到遗憾 后悔做过某事 5. start, begin 后跟不定式或动名词， 但在一下三种情况下用不定式为宜。 （1）start ,begin 本身为进行时态 （2）主语为表示无生命的名词或it (3) start, begin 后接表示心里活动的词，如understand, realize, know, see等 I was beginning to get angry. He began to realize the importance of foreign languages. 6. need, require, want 表示“需要”时，后面接动名词，表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式（to be done) The condition of this car is so serious. It really needs repairing before driven on the road again. 二、动名词作主语 1. 动名词作主语，常表示抽象的、一般的行为。单个的动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Looking after my son is his grandmother’s job. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 2. 动名词短语作主语时，常见的另外一种形式是句首用代词it 作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句子的最后面作真正主语。这种结构中常由名词或形容词充当表语。 (1)