遗传密码是怎样破译的_向义及.pdf

16 Vol. 17 No. 2 2007 * 向义和 ( 清华大学物理系, 北京 100084) ( : 2006-11-10) 文章具体介绍了遗传密码破译的过程: 三联体密码的提出; 克里克 遗传密码性质的 阐述和实验证明; 尼伦伯格关于同聚核苷酸 应的氨基酸的发现; 奥乔亚关于异聚核 苷酸 应的氨基酸的发现; 科拉纳关于密码子系列次序的确定; 全部密码子的破译及 其特征. 三联体密码; 遗传密码简并; 基因突变; 无细胞蛋白质的合成; 多聚核苷酸 HOW THE GENETIC CODE WERE DECIPHERED Xiang Yihe ( Physics Departme t of T si ghua U iversity, Beiji g 100084) Abstract The process of decodi g the ge etic codes is i troduced. T he key eve ts i clude the putti g forw ard of riplet code, the expatiatio a d experime tal proof of the ature of ge etic code by F. H. C. Crick, the discovery of ami o acid correspo di g to homopoly ucleotide by M arshall W. Nire breg, the discovery of ami o acid correspo di g to hetero-poly ucleotide by S. Ochoa, the determi atio of the seque ce of codo series by H. G. Khora a, a d the decipherme t a d characteristics of all codo s. Key Words triplet code; ge etic code dege eratio ; ge e mutatio ; sy thesis of cel-l free protei ; poly ucleotide 1953 5 ( Crick. . 20 50 , Fra ce, 1916 ) ) ( Watso . , ( Gamow . James. D, 1926) ) DNA George) , : / 3 , 0. , ( ) , , , . . 20 60 , , . , : ( 1) . ? ? ( 2) , ?