ALTO草案详解.docx

Charter/doc/charter-ietf-alto/P2p产生了当前网络流量的大部分，例如文件共享、实时通信、流媒体等。P2p应用会交换大量的数据，甚至上传和下载一样多的数据，它必须从一堆提供同样资源或服务的peers里选择一个或多个合适的候选。P2p的优势之一为资源可用性的冗余，但是这需要在一堆peers里作出选择。应用程序有时可以动态地获得个别peers的网络信息或者测量其链路性能，但是这也很耗时。应用程序不能一直获得最优的peers安排，这会导致性能暂时变差或者域间流量过度。因此若能提供关于peer选择的更多信息，既可以提高p2p的性能，降低ISP消耗。Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)服务可以给应用程序提供优于随机选择的peer选择信息。ALTO服务在均衡上（例如最大带宽、最小域间流量、用户的最低花费）上采取了不同的方案。工作组充分考虑到了BitTorrent,tracker-less P2P,以及其他应用例如CDN、镜像选择等的需求。Problem Statement分布式应用的缺点：底层网络拓扑不可知，从peers里随即选择，不是最优的，还会导致拥塞、低效率等Distributed applications often transfer large amounts of data through connectionsestablished between nodes distributed across the Internet with littleknowledge of the underlying network topology. Some applications areso designed thatthey choose a random subset of peers from a largerset with which to exchange data. Absent any topology informationguiding such choices, or acting on suboptimal of local informationobtained from measurements and statistics, these applications oftenmake less than desirable choices.One advantage of highly distributed systems results from the fact that the resources such systems offer are often available through multiple replicas. However, applications generally do not have reliable information of the underlying network and thus have to select among the available peers that provide such replicasrandomly or based on information they deduce from partial observations that,in some situations,lead to suboptimal choices. In addition to having suboptimal performance, such networks can lead to congestion and cause serious inefficiencies.traffic generated by popular P2P applications oftencross network boundaries multiple times,overloading links that are frequently subject to congestion. Moreover, such transits, besides resulting in a poor experience for the user, can be quite costly to the network operator.解决方案的提出：收集更多更可靠的网络信息，作出优于随机的peer选择机制Recent studies show a possible solution to this problem.Internet Service Providers(ISPs), netwo