金融英语6-accounting12.pptVIP

Part 6 Financial Statements 6.1 Accounting and auditing 6.2 The Balance Sheet 6.3 The Income Statement 6.4 The cash flow statement 6.5 Financial ratios 6.1 Accounting and auditing Accounting involves recording and summarizing an organization’s transactions or business deals, such as purchases and sales, and reporting them in the form of financial statement. 会计涉及到记账以及对一个组织的业务交易进行总结，比如购买与销售，以财务报表的形式进行汇报。 Financial accounting includes bookkeeping, and preparing financial statements for shareholders and creditors; 财务会计包括记账和为股东和债权人编制会计报表 Management accounting involves the use of accounting data by managers, for making plans and decisions. 管理会计涉及由管理者使用会计数据制定计划和决策。 Auditing means examining a company’s systems of control and the accuracy or exactness of its records, looking for errors or possible fraud. 审计是通过审查公司的控制系统以及会计记录的准确性，寻找错误和可能的欺诈。 An internal audit is carried out by a company’s own accountants or internal auditors. 内部审计是由公司的会计师或内部审计员完成。 An external audit is done by independent auditors, who will give a true and fair view of the company’s financial situation and results. 外部审计是由独立审计员完成的，他将对公司的财务状况和结果作出真实而公允的判断。 6.2 The Balance Sheet The balance sheet is a static financial snapshot taken at the end of the year. 资产负债表是每年年末对财务状况的静态反映。 The Balance Sheet Identity is: 资产负债恒等式： In a balance sheet, assets lie in the left, liabilities and owners’ equity lie in the right. 在资产负债表中，资产位于左侧，负债和所有者权益位于右侧。 Left total value = right total value 左边帐户总和=右边帐户总和 6.2.1 Types of Assets In accounting, assets can be divided into fixed assets and current assets. 会计中，资产可以分为固定资产和流动资产。 Fixed assets, known as long-term assets, will continue to be used by the business for a long time. 固定资产，又称为长期资产，可以使用较长时间。 Current assets has a lifespan of one year or less, which is easily converted into cash and used as currency. 流动资产的期限不超过一年，容易变现成为现金或其等价物。 The accounting items of current assets : 流动资产的会计科目： Cash: include bank accounts and checks. 现金：包括银行存款和支票。 Cash equivalents: stocks, T-bills and other mone