现在分词用法与练习选读.doc

现在分词用法与练习 一、现在分词的各种形式及意义 名称 形式 意义 例句 一般式 doing 与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生 The professor came in, following the headmaster．教授跟着校长进来了。 现在分词的被动形式 being done 强调被动的动作在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 The question being discussed is very important. 现在正讨论的问题很重要。 现在分词的完成式 having done 分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之前 Having studied the map，I know which way to go．仔细看完地图后，我知道该走哪条路了。 现在分词的完成被动式 having been done 分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系 Having been scolded many times by the boss，he decided to leave．被老板责骂很多次后，他决定离开。 二、现在分词的句法功能 1．作定语 单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。 The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。 2．作表语 现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。 The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。 【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。 3．作补足语 (1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car． 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 (2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。 She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。 A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。 （3）with +宾语+v-ing With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 4．作状语 现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。 (1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。 ① Be careful when crossing the road．（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.） 过马路时小心点。 ② Having turned off the TV, he began to do his homework．关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。 （=After he had turned off the TV．he began to do his homework．） (2) 表示原因 ① Being so excited, she couldn’t go to sleep．(=Because she was so excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.) 因为她太兴奋了，所以睡不着。 ② Not having received his reply，she decided