人格障碍—李孟潮自编—培训课件.pptVIP

* o More common in women than men. o Children with chronic physical illnesses may be more prone. * * Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life. Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self- confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy). * Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself. 形成原因 社会心理学 父母出于爱或独裁的目的过分保护孩子 认知理论 适应不良信念 * 治疗 行为和认知疗法 认知重建、自信训练 人本主义治疗 集体治疗 * Respect their feelings of attachment. o Be careful when encouraging a patient to change the dynamics of an abusive relationship. o When medically ill they may become frustrated that they are not being helped. o Be active in the treatment planning. 强迫型人格障碍（Obsessive-Compulsive PD） 1、临床特征 2、形成原因 3、治疗 临床特征 特征 情绪限制，秩序性、坚持执拗、完美 表现：秩序性、固执、僵硬、异常节俭、谨小慎微、爱整洁、犹豫不决、严肃沉闷等 美、德等国：1.7-6.4％ 男性多于女性 * More common in men than in women. Diagnosed more in oldest children. Often a history of harsh discipline as a child. * * Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overtly strict standards are not met). Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships.