2016年初中英语被动语态深度、练习及技术总结.docx

初中英语被动语态深度讲解语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge.? ?The bridge was built by them.被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。1一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught She often watersthe flowers.The flowers are often watered by her’English is spoken by lots of people in the world 2一般过去时：was／were＋taught Was/were doneWe visited a form yesterday.A form was visited yesterday by us.the cup was broken by the boy.He was saved at last.My bike was stolen,Some new computers were stolen last night.?This book was published in 1981.? ???这本书出版于1981年3一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught Am/ is /are going to be doneShe will plant some trees this week.some trees will be planted this week.our class is going to hold a party this morning.A party is going to be held this evening by our classA new road will be built next year4现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：was/ were being doneHe is reading a novel.A novel is being readThe problem was being discussed nowThe machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.5现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面We have finished the work.The work has already been finished by us.6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词He can speak English English can be spoken by himWe should plantmore trees on the mountainMore trees should be planted on the mountainYou must finished your homework in timeyour homework must be finished finished in time（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. \→ The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see,