MATLAB中数值计算与符号计算.ppt

{PAGE} 哈 工 程 大 学 数 学 实 验 电 子 教 案 微积分实验(2) MATLAB中的数值计算与符号计算 本教程介绍MATLAB在数值计算与符号计算方面的应用. 要注意的是MATLAB在数值计算方面,功能强大,但在符号计算方面,直到V5.1版后,才引入Waterloo公司的Maple V4版的核心计算引擎(目前Maple的版本是V7),因此,它的符号计算功能有限,还不能称得上一个真正的数学符号计算软件包. 下面我们按照微积分课程的授课顺序,介绍一下MATLAB在这方面的应用. 请注意,以下的所有文字说明均用黑色字,MATLAB语句,用红色字,MATLAB的输出结果,用兰色字. ◆函数复合 命令格式: compose(f,g,x), 即求f(g(x); 例子: syms f, x; f=sin(x);compose(f,f,x) ans = sin(sin(x)) syms f, x; f=sin(x); g=1+x^2; compose(f,g,x) ans = sin(1+x^2) ◆设f(sin(x/2)) = cos(x) + 1, 求f(x)与f(cos(x/2)). syms x, f; old=cos(x); new=1-2*sin(x/2)^2; subs(f(sin(x/2))=cos(x)+1,old,new) ans = f(sin(x/2))=(1-2*sin(x/2)^2)+1 syms u; subs(ans,sin(x/2),u) ans = f(u) = 2-2*u^2 Syms x,f,g; f=x/sqrt(1+x^2);g=x; g=simple(compose(f,f,x)) f =x/(1+x^2)^(1/2) g =x/(2*x^2+1)^(1/2) g=simple(compose(g,f,x)) g =x/(3*x^2+1)^(1/2) g=simple(compose(g,f,x)) g =x/(4*x^2+1)^(1/2) g=simple(compose(g,f,x)) g =x/(5*x^2+1)^(1/2) syms x,f; f=sin(x)^2/(1+cot(x))+cos(x)^2/(1+tan(x)); diff(f,x) Ans= 2*sin(x)/(1+cot(x))*cos(x)-sin(x)^2/(1+cot(x))^2*(-1-cot(x)^2)-2*cos(x)/(1+tan(x))*sin(x)-cos(x)^2/(1+tan(x))^2*(1+tan(x)^2) simple(ans) ans =-2*cos(x)^2+1 diff(f,x,2) ans=2*cos(x)^2/(1+cot(x))-4*sin(x)/(1+cot(x))^2*cos(x)*(-1-cot(x)^2)-2*sin(x)^2/(1+cot(x))+2*sin(x)^2/(1+cot(x))^3*(-1-cot(x)^2)^2+2*sin(x)^2/(1+cot(x))^2*cot(x)*(-1-cot(x)^2)+2*sin(x)^2/(1+tan(x))+4*cos(x)/(1+tan(x))^2*sin(x)*(1+tan(x)^2)-2*cos(x)^2/(1+tan(x))+2*cos(x)^2/(1+tan(x))^3*(1+tan(x)^2)^2-2*cos(x)^2/(1+tan(x))^2*tan(x)*(1+tan(x)^2) simple(ans) ans =4*sin(x)*cos(x) syms x y z f g; f=exp(z)-z+x*y-3; g=jacobian(f,[x, y, z]) g= [ y, x, exp(z)-1] g(1) ans = y g(2) ans = x g(3) ans = exp(z)-1 g(1)/g(3) ans = y/(exp(z)-1) syms x y t a; x=a*cos(t)^3; y=a*sin(t)^3; y=simple(diff(y,t)/diff(x,t)) y = -tan(t) simple(diff(y,t)/diff(x,t)) ans = 1/3/cos(t)^4/a/sin(t) syms x; int((1-sin(x)+cos(x))/(1+sin(x)-cos(x))) ans = 2*log(tan(1/2*x))-2*log(tan(1/2*x)+1)-2*atan(tan(1/2*x)) simple(ans) ans=2*log