自由曲线曲面的自适应数字化.doc

摘要 在机械行业，逆向工程(Reverse Engineering)是在没有设计图纸或者设计图纸不完整以及没有CAD模型的情况下，按照现有零件的模型(产品原型或油泥模型)，利用各种数字化技术及CAD技术重新构造CAD模型而复制或创造实物产品的过程。在与制造业密切相关的航空航天、汽车、造船及模具 等工业领域，未来追求对产品功能和外形等方面的日益严格的要求，这使得自由曲面零件在现代工业中得到了越来越广泛的应用。 论文首先分析了逆向工程关键技术，自由曲面测量规划，测点数据的处理等。三坐标曲面测量是以自由曲面为研究对象，以获取自由曲面精确数据信息模型为目标。曲面自适应采样是基于CAD模型驱动的数控测量系统所要解决的首要问题。在截面线法测量的基础上，对阶梯式跟踪法、直线式跟踪法、仿形式跟踪法和圆弧外延点位控制测头自动跟踪曲面进行分析比较。针对实际生产中大量的数学模型未知的曲面，在现有数学模型未知曲面自动跟踪测量预测算法的基础上，首次提出了基于时间序列的曲面自适应采样方法，并通过仿真验证了方法可行。 针对工程实际中大多应用B样条曲面，论文第四章分析了测量点的分布对曲线曲面的拟合精度的影响。得出按等弦高准则进行数字化所得到的拟合误差均匀，并且给出了采点数与拟合精度之间关系的方法。 最后对本文的研究内容和主要工作进行了总结。 关键词　反求工程；数字化；自由曲面；自由曲线；自适应； Abstract In mechanical engineering, Reverse engineering means the process of using all kinds of digitizing and CAD technology, according to the existing models(product prototype or grease models), to reconstruct CAD models, or duplicate and create products without CAD models and design drawings, or the design drawing is fragmented. Especially in the aeronautical, automotive, shipbuilding, die and mould, and aerospace manufacturing industries that frequently encounter complex surfaces, since shorter lead time has become a competitive advantage. To satisfy the tremendous need for product shape design and functional modification, reverse engineering has played an important role in recent years. In the first part of this dissertation, the key technology of reverse engineering such as measuring planning for freeform surfaces and measured data processing is analyzed. Freeform surfaces are the main research objects of three-coordinate surface measuring technology, which aims at obtaining the precise data information model of freeform surfaces. The adaptive measuring for freeform surfaces is the primary issue in numerical control system based on CAD driving models. Using the cross-section curves measuring, several adaptive digitizing approaches including ladder tracing, line tracing, profile tracing techniques and arc length extrapolation are analyzed and compared. Later, an adaptive measuri