【郭】Tendring.pptVIP

Tendering By Sylvie Yang 关于考试的一些情况 题型 范围 I .Types of Bidding 1. Competitive Bidding A prime contractor is selected by the owner on the basis competitive bidding, negotiation, or combination of the two. A major proportion of the construction is done by the contractors who obtain their work in bidding competition with other contractors. The competitive bidding of public project is normally required by law and is standard procedure for public agencies. Essentially all public construction work is done by this method. When bidding a project, the contractor estimates how much the structure will cost using the Competitive Bidding the architect’s and/or engineer’s drawings and specifications as a basis for the calculations. To this cost he adds what seems to be a reasonable profit and guarantees to do the entire job for the given price. Price amounts quoted by the bidding contractors most often constitute the principle basis for selection of the successful contractor, the low bidder usually receiving the contract award. Most bidding documents stipulate that the work shall be awarded to the “ lowest responsible bidder.” This gives the owner the right to Competitive Bidding Reject the proposal of a bidding contractor if the contractor is judged to be unqualified for some reason. If his bid is selected, the contractor must complete the work in exchange for the contract amount. II. Negotiated Contracts There are times when it can be advantageous for an owner to negotiate a contract for his project with a pre-selected contractor or a small group of contractors (usually with a single contractor). The contractors will often provide a price using the available tender documents, and this is then reviewed in detail by the owner’s representative, the quantity surveyor. The two parties then discuss the rates that are in contention and through a negotiation process an acceptable II. Negotiated Contracts tender price to both parties can be agreed