Immunization免疫,免疫系统,全英版.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PRECAUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Live vaccines should not be administered to children with immuno-deficiency disease. Injection should be given into the lateral thigh or into the deltoid. Deep injection and massage reduces the incidence of antigenic cysts. DPT injection may cause mild fever within 12-24 hours and it is not a contraindication for further immunization. PRECAUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS If convulsions occur within 72 hours of DPT injection further administration of pertussis vaccine is contra-indicated. Then give DT alone After 2 years of age children should not receive pertussis vaccine. Children with brain damage or previous history of convulsion should not receive pertussis vaccine. In case of high risk due to contact with a case of pertussis, DPT can be initiated at 2 week of age. In the event of an epidemic or high risk, measles vaccine can be given at 6 months age. PRECAUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Immunization should be delayed only in case of illness with high fever, so that any sign of the illness will not attributed to the vaccination. Administration of a live attenuated vaccines should be delayed for at least six weeks when a recent injection of polyvalent immune globulin has been given. CONDITIONS, WHICH ARE NOT CONTRA-INDICATED TO IMMUNIZATION Minor illness such as upper respiratory tract infections or diarrhea,with fever 38.5o C. Allergy ,asthma, or other atopic manifestations. Prematurity, small for date infants. Malnutrition Family history of convulsions Treatment with antibiotics, low dose corticosteroids or locally acting steroids. CONDITIONS, WHICH ARE NOT CONTRA-INDICATED TO IMMUNIZATION Dermatitis ,eczema, or localized skin infections. Chronic diseases of the heart ,lung, kidney and liver. Stable neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. History of jaundice after birth. BCG VACCINE Bacille Calmette Guerin(BCG) is the most widely used vac