地图的数学基础(国外英文资料).docVIP

地图的数学基础(国外英文资料) Content is from: the document repository New programming of the map subchurch The mathematical foundation of chapter 2 maps The mathematical foundation of chapter 2 maps Geoid § § 1 2 earth coordinate system and earth positioning § 3 map projection § 4 the application of map projection The mathematical foundation of chapter 2 of the new atlas § 1 geoid 1.1 natural surface of the earth In the vast universe: the earth is a smooth, blue and beautiful orb of the positive sphere. The space plane overlooks the ground: the surface is a slightly rolling, extremely complex surface. The fact is: The earth is not a positive sphere, but a slightly shorter radius and a slightly ellipsoid of the equator. Long, the North Pole is slightly protruding, the South Pole is slightly flat, close to pear (apple) shape ellipsoid The mathematical foundation of chapter 2 of the new atlas The physical surface of the earth When the ocean is at rest, the surface of the free water is orthogonal to the gravity direction of the points on the surface (the vertical line), which is called a level surface (ocean). In numerous level, there is a face overlap with the stillness of the average seawater, and the hypothetical across the mainland and islands to form a closed surface, this is the geoid. Its actually a lumpy (?) The surface of the earths surface. The body that surrounds it is called the earth body. The mathematical foundation of chapter 2 of the new atlas 1.3 1.3 earths mathematical surface The earth body revolves around the short axis. In measurement and mapping, the ellipsoid of the earth is replaced by a rotating ellipsoid, usually called the earth ellipsoid, or ellipsoid. It is a rule of the surface of the mathematics, so people see it as the geoid surface of mathematics, form the secondary approximation, is for the earth is used to measure the datum of calculation. The mathematical foundation of chapter 2 of the new atlas Positioning § 2 earth coordinate system and earth Th