烷和烯烃的性质(国外英文资料).docVIP

烷和烯烃的性质(国外英文资料) Methane and alkane 1, carbon atoms of organic molecules and carbon atoms by C - C are connected into carbon chain, all remaining valence bond is saturated by H chain formed by organic compounds, called saturated hydrocarbon chain, or alkane. The most representative of the alkane is methane, also known as methane, gas, gas and so on. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas, small density than air, insoluble in water, methane, CH4 C atoms in molecules with sp3 hybridized form covalent bond, bond Angle is 109.5 °, form the space structure are all size. The chemical properties of methane are mainly reflected in the combustion and substitution reactions: The combustion of methane: Phenomenon: bright flame and a light blue, 1 molch4 combustion heat release 890 kj, product of CO2 and H2O, product no pollution, thus taking methane as the main component of natural gas is a kind of clean energy. Methane can be burned, but not oxidized by acidic KMnO4. The substitution of methane: Mechanism of this reaction is one of the methane molecules hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine gas molecules in a chlorine atom, in turn, generate a methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, four chloride methane, hydrogen and chlorine gas molecules replace down in another chlorine atoms combine to generate hydrogen chloride, reaction products a total of five. The methane can be decomposed at high temperature: CH4 to C + 2H2 2, the structure and properties of alkanes and methane are similar, under normal circumstances, the melt boiling point increase as the number of C atoms of alkane and increases, density increases gradually, a C atomic number at the same time, with the increasing of the branched chain, melt boiling point decreases of molecular alkane carbon number less than or equal to 4, a gas under atmospheric pressure; Alkanes are not soluble in water, but are soluble in organic solvents. Due to the molecular structure of alkanes and methane molecules are similar, so the