Lesson 7 Measuring Rate of Fluid Flow 测量流体流速.ppt

Lesson 7 Measuring Rate of Fluid Flow 测量流体流速.ppt

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Lesson 7 Measuring Rate of Fluid Flow 测量流体流速

Lesson 7 Measuring Rate of Fluid Flow 测量流体流速 New words and expressions New words and expressions TEXT 课文 The most common means of measuring rate of flow of a fluid is based on the principle that if there is a contraction (a section of reduced diameter) in a pipe, the pressure of fluid flowing downstream from the contraction will be lower than that upstream from the contraction. 最常见的测量流体流速的方法是基于这样一个原理,即如果在管路上有断面收缩,则收缩断面下游流体压力比上游的要低。 TEXT 课文 The simplest form of such a flowmeter is k nown as an orifice plate meter ( Fig. 7-1). 最简单的流量计是孔 板 式流量计(图7-1)。 TEXT 课文 orifice plate meter 孔板式流量计 TEXT 课文 The hole in the plate is called an orifice and is smaller than the internal diameter of the pipe. 板孔的尺寸小于管子的内径。 TEXT 课文 0rifice plates cannot be used if the liquid being measured contains solids because they will be trapped by the plate. 孔板流量计不能用于 带有固体物质的被测液体,因为孔板会将固体截留。 TEXT 课文 Instead of an abrupt contraction in the pipe size, as is caused by an orifice plate, the contraction may be gradual. 为了改变由孔板引起的管子直径的突变,可采用渐缩管。 Special fittings ( called venturi tubes) are used, by which the pipe is gradually narrowed and gradually enlarged. 应用了一种特殊的装置叫文丘里管, 这种装置的管子直径大小是逐渐变化的。 TEXT 课文 The pressure taps are placed at the largest part of the venturi tube ( before it narrows) , and at the smallest diameter. 压力检测点安置在文丘里管直径最大的和直径最小的地方。 TEXT 课文 These tubes overcome most of the problems of the orifice plate meter, but the venturi tubes themselves are rather expensive, particularly when they must be made from corrosion resistant materials such as stainless steel. 这种文丘里管克服了孔板流量计的大多数缺点,但文丘里管的价格太高,尤其当文丘里管必须用耐腐蚀材料如不锈钢制造时。 TEXT 课文 Another type of flowmeter is the rotameter, or variable-area meter ( Fig. 7-2) . 另一种流量计是转子流量计(图7-2)。 TEXT 课文 The liquid to be measured parsed upward through a tapered tube with the smallest part of the taper at the bottom. In the tube is a small metal plummet, or float ( Although usually called a float, it is made of metal and is denser than the fl

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