膜制造与分离(组件).pptVIP

膜制造及膜组件 membranes 膜过程的驱动力 实验室膜制备实例 高分子材料 (PAN, PES, CA, PVDF). 铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP, DMF, acetone等易与水互溶). 添加其它助剂 (pore-formers or non-solvents). 凝固浴 （主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶剂构成，通过相分离产生‘the pores’ 和‘the membrane body’) 必需品 PES聚合物 NMP 溶剂 水 玻璃片 刮膜器 Poly Sulfon (PS) Cleaning glassplates important Filling the knife with PS solution Creating a membrane film Put slowly in the water for…. Membrane is floating after coagulation Take of a membrane Make sheets of it in a module More than one membrane Submerge in a MBR tank 膜结构 Porous vs Non Porous Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic Polymeric vs Inorganic Porous …………Non PorousSymmetric…… Asymmetric Dense (Non porous) Porous Symmetric Membranes Symmetric membrane Asymmetric Membranes Pore size Ceramic membrane pictures (CEM) Membrane structure structure: symmetric asymmetric shapes: flat sheet tubular: tube (d 3 mm) capillary (0.5 d 3.0 mm) hollow fibre (d 0.5 mm) Module shapes Flat Sheet Spiral Wound Tubular Hollow Fiber Contained vs Submerged Flat sheet module Plate and Frame Module Tubular and capillary membranes Tubular membrane Tubular membranes (contained) Hollow Fiber (capillar) Capillary 8 inch module Monolith (demo) Spiral-Wound RO/NF Module You can make your own spiral wound module today!!! Two A4 papers Cotton sheet A4 (if available) Shears to cut Glue for paper Plastic tube with a slid (prefabricated) Reverse Osmose-installation +/- various configurations Operation modes Dead-end Filtration Cross-flow filtration Semi dead-end filtration Cross-flow filtration Advantages: turbulent flow continuous concentrate discharge control of cake-layer build-up Disadvantages: more complex process layout high(er) energy consumption high(er) investment cost Cascade single pass system Two-stage recirculation system Fouling of membranes Fouling Reversible fouling Irreversible fouling Biofouling Pore blocking Scaling Resistance Model Rejection by UF/MF membranes Cake layer formation Fouling in MF/UF Decrease in flux due to: Pore-plugging