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Optimal Threshold of Welch’s Periodogram for Sensing OFDM Signals at Low SNR Levels Nan Wang, Yue Gao School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK Email: nanw@eecs.qmul.ac.uk Abstract—Spectrum sensing is one of the key technologies was considered in [9] to minimize the total error sensing to realize dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio systems, probability. All these work has assumed that the impact factor especially being able to reliably detect primary user signal in (weighted factor or spectrum utilization) is a constant value in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. In this paper, a new optimal threshold setting algorithm based on the conventional their derivation or simulations, e.g. 50%. However, the effect Welch’s energy detection algorithm is proposed to achieve an of varying impact factors on the performance of spectrum efficient trade-off between the detection probability and false sensing should be considered. alarm probability for OFDM signals at the low SNR levels. The In addition to the requirements of the detection probability proposed optimal threshold algorithm in the Welch’s method and false alarm probability, another major challenge for the demonstrates a better spectrum sensing performance at the low SNR levels. The relationship between the spectrum utilization and spectrum sensing is the ability of detecting signal at low SNR optimal threshold is derived. The effect of spectrum utilization levels. However, due to the noise uncertainty, the sensing on the performance of spectrum sensing is als