不定式的语法功能.doc

不定式的语法功能：除不能作谓语，其他句子成分都可。 　　1.不定式作主语 　　To see is to believe. 　　常用it作形式主语 　　Its for sb/Its of sb 　　1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： 　　Its very hard for him to study two languages. 　　2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, cruel, right。 　　Its very nice of you to help me 　　2.不定式作宾语 　　I want to speak to Tom. 　　Please show us how to do that. 　　3.不定式作宾补 　　a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 　　b. We believe him to be guilty. 　　4.不定式作表语 　　不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： 　　My work is to clean the room every day. 　　5.不定式作定语 　　不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： 　　I have a lot of work to do. 　　6.不定式作状语 　　1)目的状语 　　to… ,only to (仅仅为了),in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) 　　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 　　I come here only to say good-bye to you. 　　2)结果状语 　　What have I said to make you angry. 　　He searched the room only to find nothing. 　　3)原因状语 　　Im glad to see you. 　　用作介词的to 　　to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形; 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词： 　　admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于， 　　stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于， 　　be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意 　　省to 的动词不定式 　　1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 　　2) 使役动词 let, have, make： 　　3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 　　注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 　　The boss made them work the whole night. 　　=They were made to work the whole night. 　　4) would rather，had better： 　　5) Why… / why not…： 　　6) help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth： 　　7) but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。He wants to do nothing but go out. 　　8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 　　He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 　　9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice. 　　动词不定式的否定式 　　★放在不定式符号to 前面 　　Tell him not to shut the window… 　　She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 　　不定式特殊句型too…to… 　　1)too…to太…以至于不能…