计基课本课后习题研究报告.doc

Chapter 1 Computers and Digital Basics 1A “All Things Digital” Data processing was the computing technology behind the first phase of the digital revolution. Local software refers to any software that is installed on a computer’s hard drive. A computer network is a group of computers linked together to share data and resources. The process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, or video into data that can be processed by a computer is called digitization . Cloud computing provides access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the Internet. 1 B “Digital Devices” –computer basics 1.A computer is a digital device that processes data according to a series of stored instructions called a program or software. Computer data is temporarily stored in memory, but is usually transferred to storage where it can be left on a more permanent basis. Personal computers are available in desktop and portable models. A digital device, such as a computer, is called a(n) client,when it requests data from a server. A(n) microcontroller is a special-purpose microprocessor that is built into the machine it controls. A computer accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, according to a series of instructions. 1C “Digital Data Representation” Data representation refers to the format in which data is stored, processed, and transferred. Digital devices often use the binary number system to represent numeric data. Most computers use Unicode or Extended ASCII code to represent character data. (Hint: Use the acronym.) KB is the abbreviation for Kilobyte. 1D “Digital Processing” A(n) compiler converts all of the source code instructions into a new file containing object code. A microprocessor is hard-wired to perform a set of activities called a(n) instruction set. The ALU in your computer’s microprocessor holds data in register. The microprocessor’s control unit contains a(n) instruction pointer指令指针 that holds the address of the instruction bein