港口发展与供应链的关系 - 上海海事大学学报.docVIP

港口与供应链的关系探讨上海国际航运研究中心 摘要: 联合国贸易与发展会议提出了区别于前三代港口“中心”地位的第四代港口概念.在供应链环境下,研究港口与供应链的关系具有非常重要的意义.通过综合近几年的研究成果,指出港口应摈弃“中心”观念,更强调是供应链中的一个环节.港口和供应链之间相互影响非供应链思想和供应链思想下港口与客户互动关系的变化.港口与供应链互动关系演变的概念模型.最后,指出了进一步的研究方向. 关键词: 港口供应链关系探讨 中图分类号: F552.3 文献标志码: ADiscussion on the Relationship between Ports and Supply Chains GAO Jie1, ZHEN Hong1, LI Jianli2 (1.College of Transport Communications, Shanghai Maritime Univ., Shanghai 200135, China; 2. Shanghai International Shipping Research Center, Shanghai Maritime Univ., Shanghai 200135, China) Abstract: UNCTAD has put forward the new concept of fourth－generation port differing from the three previous ones which emphasized the central role of ports. In the environment of supply chain, it is of great significance to study the interactions between ports and supply chains. By synthesizing the findings of recent years, it is pointed out that ports should abandon the “central” concept to put more emphasis on the role as nodes in supply chains. The mutual influences of ports and supply chains were analyzed and the change of interactive relationship with ports and their customers under non－supply chain thinking and supply chain thinking was probed into. The conceptual model of the evolving process of the relationship between ports and supply chain is provided. Finally, further research fields were pointed out. Key words: port; supply chain; relationship; discussion 0 引 言 20世纪80年代以来,不少学者研究了港口在运输网络中的地位.Hayut (1981)[1]提出了“载运中心”(load centers)的概念,Notteboom(1997)[2]对其进行了界定.De Monie(1997)[3]将港口分为“全球枢纽”、“装载中心”、“区域港口”和“次要港口”.联合国贸易与发展会议(UNCTAD)将港口分为三代[4],即“运输枢纽中心”、“装卸服务中心”和“物流中心”.2000年之前,港口“中心”的思想占据主导地位. 1999年,UNCTAD提出第四代港口概念——物理上分离但通过公共经营者或管理部门链接(physically separated but linked through common operators or through a common administration)[].这一概念不再突出港口的中心地位,而是强调港口作为链上的一个组织.本文认为,这一观念的转变与20世纪90年代,特别是21世纪初以来供应链管理思想的兴起存在着必然联系.本文在已有研究基础上,进一步探讨港口与供应链的相互影响作用.通过对港口与客户关系转变的,指出港口与供应链互动关系的演变. 1 港口与供应链关系研究综述 对港口与供应链关系的研究出现在2000年后,主要在国外.Robinson很可能是最早对该问题进行研究的学者