第四章 地质年代.pdfVIP

第四章 地球的年龄 Two Conceptions of Earth History 和地质年代学 Catastrophism （灾变说） Assumption: Great Effects Require Great Causes Earth History Dominated by Violent Events Uniformitarianism （均变论） Assumption: We Can Use Cause And Effect to Determine Causes of Past Events Finding: Earth History Dominated by Small- scale Events Typical of the Present. Catastrophes Do Happen But Are Uncommon relative age and absolute age 4.1 相对地质年代 Relative age(相对年龄) - Relative age means that we can determine if something is younger than or 层序地层学方法: older than something else. Relative time does not Nicolaus Steno(1638-1686),1669年地层层序 tell how old something is, all we know is the 律－W.Smith 生物地层学方法: 标准化石时 sequence of events. 间短、演化快、分布广 Absolute age(绝对年龄)- Absolute age means 地层的缺失－不整合（角度不整合、假整 that we can more or less precisely assign a number