2017专转本英语语法.doc

虚拟语气；名词性从句；定语从句；非谓语动词；倒装语序（这五大项排名不分先后），一般直接考2分左右；下面还有时态与语态2分-1分，情态动词+have done 1分，主谓一致要考1分,强调句句型1分。 定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词的掌握不仅对于词汇结构直接考查有意义，而且更为重要的是对于阅读理解意义相当重大；有些语法知识比如虚拟语气、倒装、强调句句型、主谓一致、反义疑问句则主要对于词汇结构题直接考意义重大；有些语法知识诸如并列平行结构、状语从句、插入结构、it指代用法、比较结构则主要对于阅读理解有重大意义。 一．定语从句 考什么：which引导的非限制性定语从句，一级考点 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引起的，在句子中充当定语成分，来修饰名词、代词或句子。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词称为先行词。 The new points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed. (定语从句、关系代词、先行词) That is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan. (定语从句、关系代副词、先行词) 所有从句都是由连接词引出来的，定语从句的连接词被叫做关系代词、关系副词。具体而言，有以下几种情况 一．关系代词 关系代词 先行词 关系代词所作成分 例句 that 人或物 主、宾、表 1 which 物或整句话 主、宾（动词宾语、介词宾语） 2 who 人 主 3 whom 人 宾 4 whose 人或物 定语（相当于先行词的所有格） 5 as 人或物或整句话 主语、宾语 6 例句：1 One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for.(06阅读1) 2 .Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than improvements in the design of Greek weapons with which they were familiar.(06阅读2) 3 There are a lot of women who will do the job as well as men.(06阅读2) Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money.(03月度2，P48). 4 He saw the manager talking with somebody whom he didn’t know. 5 Many people whose possessions were destroyed in natural disasters eventually considered their loss as a blessing.(06CET-6,12) 6 As is often the case, the more you use your brain, the more active it will become. 关系代词使用的几种特别规定： That 1)先行词是不定代词，常见有all, much, any, something, anything等； 2）先行词被all, any, every, some,(a)few,(a)little修 3）先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/next/same/very修饰时； 4）先行词既包括人，又包括物时。 5)只用which:介词后、引导非限制性定语从句只能用which。介词+which既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，也取决于先行词的习惯搭配。 It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. This is the computer on which he spent all his savings. 6)关系代词省略情况：that、which引导定语从句作宾语可以省略。但以下情况不可省略： 第一，引导非限制性定语从句中，即使作宾语which也不能省略。 第二，关系代词紧跟介词后，作介词宾语，此时一不可用that，只可用which或whom 引导定语从句，并且不可省略；但当