自动控制理论全套(课件,课程设计,实验指导)第一章.ppt

工艺流程画面 1.1 Open-Loop Control and Closed-Loop Control 系统：为了达到某一个目的，由相互制约的各个部分按照一定的规律组成的，具有一定功能的整体。 System. A combination of components that act together to performance a function not possible with any of the individual parts. The word system as used herein is interpreted to include physical, biological, organizational, and other entities, and combinations thereof, which can be represented through a common mathematical symbolism. The formal name system engineering can also be assigned to this definition of the word system. Thus, the study of feedback control systems is essentially a study of an important aspect of systems engineering and its application. 开环控制 Open-loop control system. A system in which the output has no effect upon the input signal. Examples: washing machine, WEDM machine reference controller Controlled plant disturbance Controlled Variable 开环控制系统举例(sample problem of open loop control system ) 电 热 丝 加 热 炉 220v~ 调压器 Heating oven Regulator 功率放大器 负载 电 位 器 M example2 speed open-loop control system Potentiometers Power Amplifier Load Example1 temperature open-loop control system 闭环控制 Closed-loop control system. A system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity in such a manner as to maintain the desired output value. In a closed-loop control system the actuating error signal, which is the difference between the input signal and the feedback signal, is fed to the controller so as to reduce the error and bring the output of system to s desired value. The term closed-loop control always implies the use of feedback control action in order to reduce system error. Examples: the boiler drum water level control system water tank control system Speed control system 闭环控制 Feedback control system 设定器 被控过程 传感器 控制器 干扰 Reference Plant sensor Controller disturbance Controlled variable 闭环控制和开环控制 Closed-loop control system and Open-loop