大学英语修辞学第二章.pptVIP

Answer the questions: 1. Why do we need to learn rhetoric? 2. What do you know about the origin of English rhetoric? 3. What is rhetoric? 4. What do your know about Sophists? Socrates Socrates (469--399 BC), philosopher Most of our knowledge of him comes from the works of Plato 柏拉图有一天问老师苏格拉底什么是爱情。 　　苏格拉底叫他到麦田走一次，要不回头地走，在途中要摘一颗最好的麦穗，但只可以摘一次。柏拉图充满信心地去了。谁知过了半天他仍没有回来，最后，他垂头丧气地出现在老师跟前，诉说空手而回的原因：“很难的看见一棵看似不错的，却不知是不是最好，不得已，因为只可以摘一次，只好放弃，再看看有没有更好的，到发现已经走到尽头时，才发觉手上一棵麦穗也没有。”这时，苏格拉底告诉他：“那就是爱情，爱情是一种理想，而且很容易错过。” Unique method of philosophical inquiry—questioning people on the positions they asserted and working them through questions, proving that their original assertion was wrong. Socrates’ philosophical ideas: (1) Do what one thinks is right even in the face of universal opposition; (2) Pursue knowledge even when opposed. “Rhetoric (form and eloquence) was impressive but did not tell people much.” What is important is not the form of language, not the skill of using language, but the thought, truth, fact and wisdom in it. Contribution: The importance of justice and truth Isocrates Isocrates (436-338 B.C.) founder of the first rhetorical school in history. Isocrates’ philosophical idea: Reality is immediate human experience: “What you see is what you get.” Knowledge is tentative. We can’t know anything for sure. “A good opinion is one that helps explain life in a way that helps people get along in the world.” about education: Education is the savior of the world. The teacher should explain principles and provide examples as models; The teacher should guide his students to the acquisition of practical wisdom. Contribution: His trained a large amount of political figures, and statesmen, promoted the practical use of rhetorical arts. Plato Plato (427?-347? B. C.) study after Socrates, philosopher 柏拉图（约前427年－前347年），古希腊伟大的哲学家，也是全部西方哲学乃至整个西方文化最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一，他和老师苏格拉底，学生亚里士多德并称为古希腊三大哲学家。另有其他概念包括：柏拉图主义、柏拉图式爱情、经济学图表等含义 Rhetoric was the expression of truth; it was the art