中医英语翻译概论.ppt

TCM Translation Theory 中医英语翻译理论 1 中医翻译概论 1.1 仿造 翻译 SL 的無等值词汇時，用 TL 中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分 (词素 / 词) 借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念 肝血 liver blood 血虚 blood deficiency 活血化瘀 activating blood to resolve stagnation 1 中医翻译概论 1.1 仿造 句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法 從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。 Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life, while violating it leads to death. 阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。 Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold. 1 中医翻译概论 1.2 定义化 中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚 翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行 辨证论治 diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs 虚脹 Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney 1 中医翻译概论 1.2 定义化 缺点 简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则 和语境难以配合 有碍中医术语英译迈向规范 简化处理 辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li) identifying patterns and determining treatment (Wiseman) 虚胀 deficiency-flatulence vacuity distension 1 中医翻译概论 1.3 词义分化 同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义 (一词多义 polysemy) 同一概念也可用不同术语表达 (同义词 synonymy) 虚 asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction…… 1 中医翻译概论 1.3 词义分化 脾虚 asthenia of the spleen (Li) spleen vacuity (Wiseman) spleen deficiency (WHO draft)* 脾虚水泛 hypofunction of the spleen* (Li) 体虚 weakness / debility 1 中医翻译概论 1.3 词义分化 必須考虑语境 a) 肾藏精，精舍志。 「精」指精气 The kidney stores essence and the essence maintains activities. b) 精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥，精2 時自下。 「精1 」指「肾精」； 「精2 」指「精液」 The damage of the kidney essence causes aching and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent seminal emission. 1 中医翻译概论 1.3 词义分化 (續) 必須考虑语境 c) 脈理精微，其体难辨。 「精 」指「精深」 The theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate. 1 中医翻译概论 1.4 拼音化 當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译 气 Vital energy * Qi 动笔！ which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed? 四气五味 four properties and five tastes (Li) four natures and five flavors (Wiseman) 滋阴降火 nourishing yin to reduce fire enriching yin and downbearing fire 2 中医翻译的困难 2.1 词汇缺口 (lexical gap) 翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好 五行 five elements, five phases, wuxing 命門 gate of life,