中考复习之专项复习-主谓一致.ppt

一、主谓一致的定义 所谓主谓一致即谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致。 I am a student. He is twelve. The children are singing and dancing. 二、主谓一致的三个原则 1、语法一致：语法形式上要求一致。主语为单数，谓语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。 His pen is blue. These shoes sell well. 2、意义一致：从意义的角度来处理主谓一致的关系。主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 Two months is a long time. The crowed were working over there. 3、就近原则：当主语被某些关联短语连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。 There is a chair and two desks in the room. There is two desks and a chair in the room. Neither you nor I am right. Neither I nor you are right. 三、主谓一致原则的具体运用 (2)由and连接的两个单数名词做主语，前面由every, each或no修饰时，意义上仍为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl is taught to read and write. (3)当主语后面跟有with, together with（和……一起）, along with（和……一起）,as well as 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数形式要和等之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。A teacher with fifteen students is working in the fields.Tom together with his friends goes swimming every day in summer. He as well as you is good at painting. (4)由or, either…or, neither…nor,not only…but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数按最接近它的主语的单复数形式而定。You or I am to go to the bus stop.Either you or he knows something about it. 2、不定代词做主语 不定代词each, neither, either以及包含some, any, every, nod的复合不定代词，在意义上都属于单数。它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has a dictionary. Every minute is important to us. Nobody was seen on the playground. 3、集体名词做主语 （1）people, police等词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 There are three people in my family. The police are standing there. (2)all指人时用复数谓语动词，指事物时用单数。 All are here.大家都到了。 All goes well.一切都很好。 （3）family, class, team等集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；指其各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较： My family is a big one.我家是个大家庭。 His family are all working in Beijing. 他全家人都在北京工作。 The class has fifty students. 这个班有50个学生。 The class are listening to their teacher. 这个班的同学正在听老师讲课。 4、特殊名词做主语 （2）以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths, physics, politics等）和以-s结尾的抽象名词（如news, plastics, works等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn.The news was very interesting. 5、数量概念做主语 (2)数学运算中的谓语动词用单数。Seven and eight is fifteen.Two times three is six.(3)“many a/more th