冻干机控制系统的研究及设计.pdf

摘 要 真空冷冻干燥技术广泛应用于食品行业、药品行业、生物行业等不同领域，其应用领 域还在不断的扩大。国内外对冻干技术、冻干理论与冻干设备的发展与研究十分重视，从 国内外的有关冷冻干燥的学术会议可以体现出来。 本文研究对象是药用冻干机，实现对冻干机的真空系统、制冷系统与控制系统等的优 化控制。在冻干机的控制系统中采用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC ）控制技术，同时引入模糊 预测PID 控制算法。将模糊预测PID 控制理论应用于冻干机的温度控制系统中，有助于提 高温度响应曲线的跟随性及加快反应时间，从而可以提高温度的控制精度。PLC 控制系统 实现全自动的冻干控制，包括预冻、加热、抽真空、压塞、放气、除霜、灭菌等。 在冻干机的真空系统与制冷系统中，分别采用PLC 变频技术控制真空机组、压缩机。 通过变频改造，压缩机不仅实现了软启动，同时减少在系统起停过程中对真空泵机械部分 的冲击，延长了电机、压缩机、真空泵及相关部件的寿命，减小空载运行负荷功耗。 采用力控组态软件开发冻干机监控系统。系统采集冻干机过程中温度、真空度等参数 及其他数据，控制整个冻干机运行状态，紧急事件设置报警显示等。 整个冻干机控制系统可以使操作者及时有效地了解与掌握冷冻干燥的生产过程中的运 行工况及工艺参数的变化，控制冻干真空度、压力、温度等控制量的变化，从而提高控制 精度、节省能耗、运行管理水平，保证冻干机能长期稳定地运行。 关键字：冻干机、模糊预测PID 控制、PLC 、力控组态软件 I Abstract Vacuum freeze drying technology is widely used in different fields such as food, pharmaceutical industry, biologicals industry and so on. Vacuum freeze-drying technology application areas also in enlarging. The development and research of freeze-dried technology, freeze-dried theory and freeze-drying equipment caused attention by the researchers at home and abroad. In this paper, the object is medicinal freeze drying machine. It realizes the vacuum system, refrigeration system and control system optimization. We use the programmable logic controller (PLC) and fuzzy forecasting PID control algorithm in the freeze drying machine control system. Fuzzy forecasting PID control theory applied to the temperature of freeze dryer control system, help to increase the temperature response curve follow sex and speed up the reaction time, which can increase the temperature control precision. PLC to realize the automatic control of the freeze-dried, including the frozen, heating, vacuum, pressure plug, deflated, defrost, sterilization, etc. I adopt PLC control of f