第十一讲争议预防与处理技术总结.ppt

Chapter 11. Disputes, Claim,  Arbitration and Force Majeure 引例1：我公司以CIF条件从美国进口一套设备，合同总价款为800万美元。合同中规定，如果合同一方违约，另一方有权向违约方索赔，违约方需向对方支付1200万美元的违约金。合同订立后，我公司迟迟收不到货，因而影响到自己的生产、经营。故此，我公司在索赔期内向美方提出索赔。 分析我方能否拿到1200万美元的违约金？ 引例2：我某出口企业以 CIF 纽约条件与美国某公司订立了 200套家具的出口合同。合同规定 1996 年 12 月交货。11 月底，我企业出口商品仓库发生雷击火灾，致使一半左右的出口家具烧毁。我企业以发生不可抗力事故为由，要求免除交货责任，美方不同意，坚持要求我方按时交货。我方无奈经多方努力，于 1997 年 1 月初交货，美方要求索赔。 试问：①我方要求免除交货责任的要求是否合理？为什么？②美方的索赔要求是否合理？为什么？ 造成争议的主要原因有哪些？ Reasons lead to Disputes 争议 Non-performance or incomplete performance of the contract by the seller; Non-performance or incomplete performance of the contract by the buyer; Stipulations of the contract are unclear, such as “prompt shipment”； Force Majeure events arise。 3. The nature of breach Based on trade terms of the contract According to the “British Law” Based on the consequence of breach According to the “United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International sale of Goods” According to the “American Law” 4. Claim Clauses in the Contract Discrepancy claim clauses 异议与索赔条款 Penalty clause 罚金条款 Quality/Quantity Discrepancy：In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. In all cases, claims must be accompanied by Survey Reports of Recognized Public Surveyors agreed to by the Sellers. Should the responsibility of the subject under claim be found to rest on the part of the Sellers, the Sellers shall, within 20 days after receipt of the claim, send their reply to the Buyers together with suggestion for settlement. 5. Penalty clause 罚金条款 Example: “ In case of delayed delivery, the seller shall pay to the buyers for every week of delay a penalty that amounts to 0.5% of the total value of the goods whose delivery has been delayed……” 2 进出口合同