染色质修饰及其作用机理.ppt

染色质修饰及其作用机理 DNA Packing DNA—2nm， 核小体串珠—11nm， 染色质纤维—30nm， 染色质高级环状结构—300-700nm， 间期染色体—1400-1500nm。 DNA Packing 核小体结构 染色质模板 2.8?的核小体模型（左），X射线晶体衍射核小体结构（中）， 组蛋白核心八聚体被DNA盘绕结构的图示（右）。 组蛋白尾部从核小体表面伸出。 Histone variants 组蛋白修饰 活化修饰：乙酰化，精氨酸甲基化，赖氨酸甲基化（H3K4，H3K36 ，H3K79 ）。 抑制修饰：赖氨酸甲基化（H3K9，H3K27，H4K20）。 Mapping chromosomal regions with differential DNA methylation in MZ twins by using comparative genomic hybridization for methylated DNA. Examples of the hybridization of chromosomes 1, 3, 12, and 17 are displayed. The 50-year-old twin pair shows abundant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation observed by the presence of green and red signals that indicate hypermethylation and hypomethylation events, whereas the 3-year-old twins have a very similar distribution of DNA methylation indicated by the presence of the yellow color obtained by equal amounts of the green and red dyes. Significant DNA methylation changes are indicated as thick red and green blocks in the ideograms. (Upper) Quantification of global 5mC DNA content (Left), histone H4 acetylation (Center), and histone H3 acetylation (Right) by HPLC and high-performance capillary electrophoresis. (Lower) Comparison of epigenetic values between the siblings of each 3- and 50-year-old twin pair. 内容提要 一、组蛋白的乙酰化 二、组蛋白的甲基化 三、组蛋白的磷酸化 四、组蛋白的泛素化 五、组蛋白的SUMO化 六、组蛋白密码 一、组蛋白的乙酰化 一、组蛋白的乙酰化 一、组蛋白的乙酰化 组蛋白乙酰基转移酶-HATs Gcn5/PCAF p300/CBP Bromodomain HATs: MYST(MOZ-Ybf2/Sas3-Sas2-TIP60) HAT识别底物的分子机制 人类IFN-β基因的激活 蛋白质乙酰化调控基因转录 组蛋白修饰与DNA损伤修复 HDACs HDACs HDACs HDACs HDACs 乙酰化和去乙酰化 乙酰化和去乙酰化 二、组蛋白甲基化 精氨酸和赖氨酸甲基化过程 赖氨酸甲基化 赖氨酸甲基化的功能 赖氨酸甲基化酶（HKMTs） HKMTs PRMTs生物学功能 The Language of Histone Crosstalk PADI4 is a methylarginine deiminase. a | PADI4 is a Ca2+ -dependent peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme that can function to antagonize arginine methylation levels by demethylimination. Deimination of argine and demethylimination of mono-methylarginine is detailed, with the location of the methyl group carbon indicated in red and the reaction produ