段落写作标准.ppt

* 写好段落的三个标准 一、段落的统一性 一个段落应该只说明一个问题，或一个问题的某一方面；应该只叙述一件事情， 或一件事情的某一个阶段。也就是说，一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想以外的句子都是不可取的。 一个好的段落应该具有统一性。统一性就是一个中心思想统领整个段落。每个细节都应支持主题句，不应有无关的细节。为了支持主题，要尽可能多地提供细节，但又要避免滥用细节。 下图是一个有统一性的段落的结构图。 主题句(topic sentence） _______Supporting Sentence 1 __________ Supporting Sentence 2 ________________ Supporting Sentence 3 _____________________ Supporting Sentence 4 例文：Millions of years ago, Australia was linked to Asia by a land bridge. Then an earthquake caused the land bridge to sink. The sea rushed in, and Australia became an island. Later, this island became a British colony. Many animals that once wandered back and forth across the land bridge were left in Australia. And kangaroos were among them. Though they were killed off by large animals in other places, they were about to survive in Australia. 这一段讲的是远古时期的澳大利亚，当时连人类都没有，但然不必提它后来沦为英国的殖民地的事了。此句应删掉。 二、段落的完整性 一个段落的主题思想靠发展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有发展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。 In my English study, I have many difficulties. My first difficulty is that my vocabulary is not large. The second difficulty I have is that I can not write well. The third difficulty is that my listening comprehension is not good enough. Now I have a plan to study English well. 主题句：I have many difficulties. 发展句：具体说明困难 My first difficulty…; The second difficulty …; The third difficulty …. 结尾句： Now I have a plan… 篇章结构： 分析： 本段落看似完整，有头有尾。但由于缺少实质内容—即对学英语的困难的原因的分析，文章显得空洞无物；此外，结尾句讲到了plan,具体内容有没有交待，给人留下话好像没说完的感觉。 修改如下： In my English study, I have many difficulties. The following are some of them. My first difficulty is that my vocabulary is not large. As a result, I can not read fast and understand well. As I am coming to middle age, it is not so easy to keep many new words in mind quickly. 过渡句 分析词汇量小的害处 进一步分析问题的原因 The second difficulty I have is that I can not write well. As I have been very busy with my work which really doesn’t need any foreign language, I seldom have a