(初稿)汽车润滑系统的故障诊断与维修汇编.doc

桂林航天工业学院 毕业设计（论文） 题 目 汽车润滑系统的故障诊断与维修 汽车服务与交通工程学院 汽车服务工程 专业 12级 02 班 学 号 2012052B0230 姓 名 李再生 指导老师 张治龙 成 绩 完成日期 2016 年 5 月 目录 摘要································································3 绪论································································3 一、润滑系统的组成及功用············································3 1.1润滑系统的功用················································3 1.2发动机润滑系的组成············································3 1.3发动机的润滑方式··············································4 二、润滑系统常见故障诊断与维修······································4 2.1发动机机油压力过高············································4 2.1.1现象······················································5 2.1.2原因分析··················································5 2.1.3诊断与排除················································5 2.2机油消耗过大··················································5 2.2.1现象······················································5 2.2.2原因分析··················································5 2.2.3诊断与排除················································6 2.3机油变质······················································6 2.3.1现象······················································7 2.3.2原因分析 ·················································7 2.3.3诊断与排除················································7 三、润滑系故障维修实例···············································7 3.1桑塔纳轿车曲轴箱通风装置—— 它的作用是防止一部分可燃混合气和废气经活塞环与间的间隙窜入曲轴箱内。可燃混合气进入曲轴箱后,其中的汽油蒸气会凝结,并溶入润滑油中,使润滑油变稀;废气中水蒸气与酸性气体会形成酸性物质,从而对机件造成腐蚀;窜气还会使灯压力增大,造成曲轴箱密封件失效而使润滑油透漏。为了防止这种现象,必须设置通风系统。）起动发动机后，机油压力超出规定值；）发动机在运转过程机油压力突然增高。）润滑油牌号选择不当，粘度过大机油泵内限压阀故障气缸体润滑油道堵塞，阻止了润滑油的流动；主轴承或连杆轴承间隙过小，影响了润滑油的流动；机油滤清器滤芯堵塞且旁通阀开启困难润滑油压力表或传感器工作不良发现由压力过高，应熄火查明原因，否则容易冲裂机油细滤器盖或机油压力传感器。机油压力过高，应首先检查机油粘度是否过大，限压阀是否调整不当（弹簧是否过硬）；对于新发动机应检查主轴承、连杆轴承或凸轮轴轴承是否间隙过小；机油压力突然变高，可首先检查机油滤清器滤芯是否堵塞，旁通阀弹簧压缩过多或强硬。若上述检查无问题，则一般为润滑系油道堵塞；接通起动开关，机油压力表即有指示，应检查机油表和机油压力传感器工作是否良好。如果更换机油后机油压力显着过高，说明机油牌号选用不当。例如，冬季选用了粘度较