浙大计算机网络基础ch-3.ppt

Chapter 3: The Datalink Layer Qiu Jinsong Computer Department Zhejiang University jinsongqiu@ Design Issues Service Interface Framing Error Control Flow Control Functions of the Data Link Layer Provide service interface to the network layer Dealing with transmission errors Regulating data flow Slow receivers not swamped by fast senders Relationship between packets and frames Services Provided to Network Layer Unacknowledged Connectionless Service Acknowledged Connectionless Service Acknowledged Connection-oriented Service Virtual Communcaiton Placement of Datalink Protocol Framing Character Count Starting and ending character, with character stuffing Starting and ending flags, with bit stuffing Physical layer coding violations Character Count Starting and ending character, with character stuffing Starting and ending flags, with bit stuffing Error Control Error Correcting Error Detecting, With Retransmission Duplicate Lost Error Correcting Code Single Error Burst Error Hamming Distance Codeword Dectect d bits error, need d+1 distance coding Correct d bits error, need 2d+1 distance coding Parity Check Hamming Code Hamming Code Use of a Hamming code to correct burst errors Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC) Modulo 2 Division Check Remainder Polynomial Representation 543210 |||||| 110101 = x5+x4+x2+1 1101 1001 0011 = x11+x10+x8+x7+x4+x+1 11 10 9 8 1 0 Modulo 2 Division Popular Generator Polynomials CRC-12 = x12+x11+x3+x2+x1+1 CRC-16 = x16+x15+x2+1 CRC-CCITT = x16+x12+x5+1 Stop-and-Wait(Normal) Stop-and-Wait(Data Error) Stop-and-Wait(Data Lost) Stop-and-Wait(ACK Lost) Protocol Programing Protocol Programing Unrestricted Simplex Protocol---Sender Unrestricted Simplex Protocol---Receiver Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol---Sender Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol---Receiver ARQ Protocol---Sender ARQ Protocol---Receiver Utlization of Stop-and-wait Utilization Sample Satellite Link: Propagation Delay tprop = 270 ms Frame Size = 4000 bits Data rate = 56 kbps T tframe = 4/56 = 7