浙江工商大学“希望杯”大学生创业。。.ppt

Introduction to Databases Daniela Puiu Applications Specialist Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, VCU dpuiu@ 804-827-0952 General Concepts Database definition Organized collection of logically related data Data Known facts Types: text, graphics, images, sound, videos Database management system (DBMS) Software package for defining and managing a database Database Examples Class roster Hospital patients Literature (published articles in a certain field) Genomic information Protein structure Taxonomy Single nucleotide polymorphism Example: Microbial Database Organism: Name Accession number Genome size GC% Release date Genome center Sequence Gene (protein coding regions): Name Accession number Organism Location on the chromosome (start,end) Strand Size Product Sequence Database Models Flat files ‘60 Hierarchical ‘60 Network ‘70 Relational ‘80 Object oriented ‘90 Object relational ‘90 Web enabled ‘90 Database Types (cont.) Flat Files Characteristics: Data is stored as records in regular files Records usually have a simple structure and fixed number of fields For fast access may support indexing of fields in the records No mechanisms for relating data between files One needs special programs in order to access and manipulate the data Flat Files Example Microbial database: Genbank format: Escherichia coli K12 Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 … Fasta format: multiple files Escherichia coli K12: genome , genes , gene positions Streptococcus pneumoniae R6: genome , genes , gene positions … Data manipulation: Sequence extraction, search Indexing Format conversion … Relational Database Characteristics: Data is organized into tables: rows columns Each row represents an instance of an entity Each column represents an attribute of an entity Metadata describes each table column Relationships between entities are represented by values stored in the columns of the corresponding tables (keys) Accessible through Standard Query Language (SQL) Enterpri