生物膜(英文版).ppt

biofilm What is complexity? What is a good quantitative measure of complexity? No theoretical discussion of complexity. Introduction to biofilms Complexity in biology, such as functional, structural and hierarchical complexity and some of the implications of complexity in adaptation. Complexity What is a biofilm? Bacteria that are attached to a surface and form a 3-dimensional structure, held together by an extracellular polymeric substance Biofilms in the environment Contact lens Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park National Park Service Catheter Biofilm formation and growth Quorum sensing and chemical signaling Microcolonies with extracellular matrix Network of channels Cells experience different environmental conditions Multi-species O2 Given the heterogeneity of the environment, how is the biofilm community structured? There is a strong relationship between the cell’s environment and its physiology and structure. Science News Biofilms form Nutrient levels decrease towards the center Variety of environmental niches form Biofilm formation and growth Relationship between biofilm morphology and the environment 50 um 1:10 LB 5mM lactate .5mM lactate How are biofilms differentiated? O2 Given the existence of many micro-environments, how is the biofilm organized with respect to metabolism? Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 facultative anaerobe versatile respiration gram negative MR-1 genome is sequenced and can be manipulated genetically Promoter regions Unstable fluorescent proteins Microscopy Design concept Use reporter systems consisting of promoter regions fused to fluorescent proteins to indicate regions of differing metabolism within a biofilm Use oxygen respiration as indicators of the cells metabolic state O2 What is complexity? “Structural” complexity: Number of different parts and their interactions “Hierarchical” complexity: Number of levels in a hierarchy “Functional” complexity: Number of different functions an organis