general ventilation全面通风local exhaust - ohlearning.pptVIP

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE职业卫生基本原则 Day 3 第3天 GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS实现健康风险控制的常用方法 GENERAL APPROACHES TOP THE CONTROL OF HEALTH RISKS实现健康风险控制的常用方法 GENERAL APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF RISKS TO HEALTH 实现健康风险控制的常用方法 The various steps taken to prevent or control the release of airborne contaminants, or propagation of some physical agents - in the work environment are outlined and a range of examples given. These steps are commonly referred to as control measures and include combinations of mechanical engineering and operational/procedural systems aimed at preventing or minimising exposures. 介绍避免或控制在工作环境中气载污染物的释放、或某些物理因素传播的各种方法，和各种相关示例。这些方法统称为控制措施，包括旨在避免或尽量减少风险的机械工程和操作/程序系统。 Effective control is probably the single most important topic affecting health at work and underpins much of the legislative efforts designed to address health protection at work. 有效控制可能是影响工作健康中最重要的主题，已采用诸多立法来解决工作健康保护问题。 If an occupational hygiene assessment/survey identifies a risk to health, then additional/improved control measures need to be considered and implemented. 如职业卫生评估/调查确定存在健康风险，需要考虑和执行额外/改进的控制措施。 Types of Control Measures 控制措施的类型 Exposure prevention is the principal aim of any control strategy, particularly when handling hazardous agents, capable of producing serious irreversible health effects; such as carcinogens and ionising radiation. In other cases, hazard effect, practicability, economics etc., may not require that all exposures be prevented – exposure minimisation may be considered sufficient. 风险预防是控制策略的主要目的，尤其是在处理会产生对健康造成不可逆影响（如致癌物质和电离辐射）的危险物质时。在其它情况下，从危害影响、实用性和经济型等角度来看，可能不会要求避免所有的风险，只要求尽量减少风险。 A hierarchical approach combining varieties of both engineering and operational/procedural control measures is universally accepted, and is presented below in decreasing order of desirability. In most cases effective control strategies will utilise combinations of several, if not all the measures listed. 目前，分级方法受到大众认可，该种方法中含有各种工程和操作/程