计算机网络-Chapter2_4th_ed_June_5_2007.pptVIP

2: Application Layer * Socket-programming using TCP Socket: a door between application process and end-end-transport protocol (UCP or TCP) TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one process to another process TCP with buffers, variables socket controlled by application developer controlled by operating system host or server process TCP with buffers, variables socket controlled by application developer controlled by operating system host or server internet 2: Application Layer * Socket programming with TCP Client must contact server server process must first be running server must have created socket (door) that welcomes client’s contact Client contacts server by: creating client-local TCP socket specifying IP address, port number of server process When client creates socket: client TCP establishes connection to server TCP When contacted by client, server TCP creates new socket for server process to communicate with client allows server to talk with multiple clients source port numbers used to distinguish clients (more in Chap 3) TCP provides reliable, in-order transfer of bytes (“pipe”) between client and server application viewpoint 2: Application Layer * Client/server socket interaction: TCP wait for incoming connection request connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept() create socket, port=x, for incoming request: welcomeSocket = ServerSocket() create socket, connect to hostid, port=x clientSocket = Socket() close connectionSocket read reply from clientSocket close clientSocket Server (running on hostid) Client send request using clientSocket read request from connectionSocket write reply to connectionSocket TCP connection setup 2: Application Layer * Client process client TCP socket Stream jargon A stream is a sequence of characters that flow into or out of a process. An input stream is attached to some input source for the process, e.g., keyboard or socket. An output stream is attached to an output source, e.g., monitor or socket. 2: Application Layer