DNA损伤修复的机制.PPTVIP

Advanced Molecular BiologyForGraduate Students Dr. Zhaohui Gong Telgongzhaohui @nbu.edu.cn Chapter 3: Biosynthesis and Recombination of Genomic DNA/RNA Learning Objectives Common mechanism and different characteristics of the replication in all genomic DNA or RNA Different replication pattern in prokaryotic genomic DNA Different replication characteristics in eukaryotic genomic DNA compared to the prokaryotic one Different replication pattern in viral genomic DNA Section 1:各基因组核酸复制的共同机制和不同特点 Gene－－－Genome 基因组核酸的复制：以构成基因组的全套核酸分子为模板，精确合成一套新的核酸分子的过程。 不同基因组DNA复制的共同机制 基因组DNA都有固定的复制起始点（ori） 复制过程中形成复制泡和复制叉 以复制子（replicon）为基本复制单位 半保留复制方式保证遗传信息的忠实传递 半不连续复制方式克服了DNA空间结构对DNA新链合成的制约 1. Origin of replication（ori） Ori are short repeated sequences. Ori can be recognized by relevant proteins to form an oligomeric complex that melts DNA. 2. Replication fork 在原核生物中，复制起始点通常为一个，而在真核生物中则为多个。 3. 复制子（replicon） The replicon is a unit of the genome in which DNA is replicated. Each replicon contains an origin for initiation of replication. The origin is a sequence of DNA at which replication is initiated. A terminus is a segment of DNA at which replication ends. 4. Semiconservative Replication DNA在复制时，以亲代DNA的每一股作模板，合成完全相同的两个双链子代DNA，每个子代DNA中都含有一股亲代DNA链，这种现象称为DNA的半保留复制(semi-conservative replication)。 5. Semidiscontinuous Replication The leading strand of DNA is synthesized continuously in the 5--3 direction. The lagging strand of DNA must grow overall in the 3--5 direction and is synthesized discontinuously in the form of short fragments (5--3 ) that are later connected covalently. Okazaki fragments are the short stretches of 1000-2000 bases produced during discontinuous replication; they are later joined into a covalently intact strand. Semidiscontinuous replication is mode in which one new strand is synthesized continuously while the other is synthesized discontinuously. 不同基因组DNA复制具有不同特点 真核生物基因组DNA复制涉及逆转录 基因组单链DNA通过复制中间体完成 有的基因组DNA需通过RNA中间体复制 双链环状DNA也有不同的复制方式 1. 末端