尤金·奥尼尔版.ppt

尤金·奥尼尔 尤金·奥尼尔 尤金·奥尼尔 （1888--1953），美国著名剧作家。美国现代戏剧的奠基人。表现主义的代表作家。 尤金·奥尼尔 1.尤金·奥尼尔简介 1.尤金·奥尼尔简介 (3)晚年：遭到美国剧坛的冷落, 1934年到1945年没有一家剧院上演他的剧本。1948年,次子沙恩因吸毒被警方拘留,奥尼尔不肯交付保释金并与子决裂。1951年,长子小尤金因酗酒未能当上电视记者而失望自杀。这两起家庭悲剧也增添了他的愁伤。他在生前最后两年半时间里,一直住在波士顿市谢尔登旅馆内,卡洛塔又隔离了他跟旧友的来往,使他心情沮丧,深切向往了却此生。在去世前一个月,他感伤地向卡洛塔吟诵英国诗人奥斯丁·多布森的诗作《在我身后的日子里》,着重重复了其中一句:“他一生忠实于艺术创作,从未为耻辱或贪欲服务”。1953年11月27日,这位美国戏剧大师病逝, 12月2日葬于波士顿森林公墓。按照他本人的愿望,葬礼十分简单,墓碑上只镌上“奥尼尔”,而他在病榻上低吟的那句诗倒确实可以作为他的墓志铭。 2.1奥尼尔主要作品（45） 1916: Bound East for Cardiff 《东行卡迪夫》 1920: Beyond the Horizon《天边外》（Pulitzer Prize） 1920: The Emperor Jones《琼斯皇帝》 1922: Anna Christie《安娜·克里斯蒂》 1924: Desire under the Elms《榆树下的欲望》 1928: Strange Interlude《奇异的插曲》 1931: Mourning Becomes Electra 《悲悼》 1946: The Iceman Cometh 《卖冰的人来了》 1956: Long Day’s Journey into Night 《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》（41） 2.2作品评价 ONeills first published play,?Beyond the Horizon, opened on?Broadway?in 1920 to great acclaim, and was awarded the?Pulitzer Prize for Drama. His first major hit was The Emperor Jones, which ran on Broadway in 1920 election. His best-known plays include?Anna Christie?(Pulitzer Prize 1922),?Desire Under the Elms(1924),?Strange Interlude (Pulitzer Prize 1928),?? Mourning Becomes Electra?(1931), his only well-known comedy In 1936 he received the?Nobel Prize for Literature. 2.3.Three stages of dramatic creation He began writing in a realistic, naturalistic vein. His mature stage is marked by zest for experimentation. He prefers expressionism, symbolism in exploring human innermost needs, Freudian complexes such as incest, and he applies the sense of fate in Greek tragedy to the study of modern man’s tragic life. 2.3Three stages of dramatic creation He turns back to naturalistic spirit and gives expression to the pessimistic, disappointed feelings of the crowd. His power lies in his never ceasing attempt to improve his art in step with time 3.1表现主义（Expressionismus） 起源：表现主义（Expressionismus）一词来源于拉丁文expressus，有“抛掷出来”、“挤压出来”之意。德国作家卡斯米尔·埃德四米特在《创作中的表现主义》（亦被称为表现主义宣言）中指出：“只有当艺术家的手透过事实