群体遗传与进化总结(国外英语资料).doc

群体遗传与进化总结(国外英语资料) Emphasis 1. genetic equilibrium law: The Hudson Weiberg law, the concepts of genotype frequencies and gene frequencies, and methods for calculating gene frequencies. 2. factors that alter gene frequency: Mutation, selection, genetic drift and migration. 3. characteristics of biological evolution. 4. the way in which species are formed and the function of isolation in speciation. The laws and mechanisms of biological heredity and variation; Evolution studies the origin and evolution of biological species. Each species has fairly stable genetic characteristics, and the formation and development of new species depend on heritable variation. Hence population genetics is a necessary foundation for the research of evolution. Population genetics research: To provide more evidence for the study of biological evolution; Explain the root cause and historical process of biological evolution. Group 1: a collection of mutually interacting (mutually related) bodies. Inter individual interactions may allow Mendel genetic factors to be passed down in various ways, genetically called the Mendel population or gene bank. The largest Mendel population can be a species. Individual genes in a group are different, but all genes in a population are certain gene pools, which means the total number of genes contained in a population. The process of organism propagation does not transfer individual genotypes to offspring, but only genes of different frequencies are passed on to the offspring. Allele frequency and genotype frequency 1. concepts of genotype and phenotype: After Mendels cross experiment, genetics proposed the concept of genotype and phenotype. A genotype is a combination of genes and an individual genetic component. Phenotype refers to the result of a combination of traits, genotype, and environmental effects of an organism. 2. genotype frequency and gene frequency: Genotype frequency (genotype, frequency): The percentage of a particular genotype within a popul