药代动力学CHAPTER 3 NON-ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION.ppt

NON-ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION PARENTERAL DRUG DELIVERY The Site of Drug Administration: Intravenous injection (iv); Intramuscular injection (im); Subcutaneous injection (sc); Intradermic injection (ic); Arterial injection ( ia); Intraperitoneal injection (ip); Intrathecal injection; Factors That Affect Drug Absorption ORAL MUCOSA ADMINISTRATION Mucosa Structure and Physiology Mucosa type: Masticatory mucosa: keratinized mucosa (palatum durum, gum). Lining mucosa: un-keratinized mucosa (buccal mucosa, sublingual mucosa). Specialized mucosa: have the character of masticatory and lining mucosa (back of the lingua). Influential Factors of Drug Absorption Physiologic factors: absorption site, gustation, saliva, pathology, etc. Pharmaceutical factors: drug dissolution rate, pH hypothesis, absorption enhancer (metal ion chelate compound, fatty acid, chleolate, surfactant, etc.). Study Method of Oral Mucosa Administration Character and Application Drug characters: fast dissolution, low dose, strong potency. Preparation characters: non first effect, fast effects. Application: heart vascular disease drugs: Nitroglycerin buccal tablets, Nitric sorbitol buccal tablets. TRANSDERMAL ADMINSTRATION Structure Drug Biotransformation Skin appendages pathway: high permeability and small area. Corneous layer pathway: low permeability and large area. The main pathway of transdermal pathway. How to permeate the corneous layer is the key problem of transdermal administration. Influential Factors of Drug Absorption Physiologic factors: individual difference, age, gender, administration site, hydration, enzyme, and pathology, etc. Pharmaceutical factors: O/W distribution coefficient, molecular weight, pH, drug release (dose form, dissolvent, pH) Study Method of Transdermal Administration System. Character and Application Drug characters: low dose, strong potency. Preparation characters: non first pass effect, slow effect. Application: chronic disease, preventive medication. TDD