计算机网络lecture-08-DNS and P2P.ppt

DNS: Domain Name System People: many identifiers: SSN, name, passport # Internet hosts, routers: IP address (32 bit) - used for addressing datagrams “name”, e.g., - used by humans Q: map between IP addresses and name ? Domain Name System: distributed database implemented in hierarchy of many name servers application-layer protocol host, routers, name servers to communicate to resolve names (address/name translation) note: core Internet function, implemented as application-layer protocol complexity at network’s “edge” DNS DNS services hostname to IP address translation host aliasing Canonical, alias names mail server aliasing load distribution replicated Web servers: set of IP addresses for one canonical name Why not centralize DNS? single point of failure traffic volume distant centralized database maintenance doesn’t scale! Distributed, Hierarchical Database Client wants IP for ; 1st approx: client queries a root server to find com DNS server client queries com DNS server to get DNS server client queries DNS server to get IP address for DNS: Root name servers contacted by local name server that can not resolve name root name server: contacts authoritative name server if name mapping not known gets mapping returns mapping to local name server TLD and Authoritative Servers Top-level domain (TLD) servers: responsible for com, org, net, edu, etc, and all top-level country domains uk, fr, ca, jp. Network Solutions maintains servers for com TLD Educause for edu TLD Authoritative DNS servers: organization’s DNS servers, providing authoritative hostname to IP mappings for organization’s servers (e.g., Web, mail). can be maintained by organization or service provider Local Name Server does not strictly belong to hierarchy each ISP (residential ISP, company, university) has one. also called “default name server” when host makes DNS query, query is sent to its local DNS server acts as proxy, forwards query into hierarchy DNS name resolution example Host at wants I