语法结构与词汇.ppt

1.虚拟语气的用法2.非谓语动词的用法3.动词时态和语态的某些用法4.冠词的一些特殊用法5.情态助动词的某些用法6.主从复合句和某些连接用语的用法7.倒装、强调、否定、省略、插入语等特殊句式8.形容词和副词及其比较结构和特殊结构 1.形近意异2.形异义近3.形异义异4.词语搭配5.习语 虚拟语气 1．虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用：虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。 2．某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用，这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。 3．在It is desired(或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有：It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。 4．It is about /high time (that)… ______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passedthe exam. (TEM4-2002-50) Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C.Was it not D. were it not 2. If your car_____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to authorized dealer. (TEM4-1998-43) shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need A B 非谓语动词（不定式、动词- ing 、动词-ed) ______ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first. (TEM4-1994-55) Not received B. Since receiving C. Having received D. Not having received 2. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _____ for that. (TEM4-2003-47) A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared D A 动词时态和语态 Jack ______ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (TEM4-2003-42) has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed A 情态助动词的某些用法 Much as ______ I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash. (TEM4-1999-52) A. I would have