语言学The practice of teaching reading and writing.ppt

The practice of teaching reading and writing How to teach reading Models for teaching reading Bottom-up model（自下而上模式） Top-down model（自上而下模式） Interactive model（相互作用模式） Bottom-up model（自下而上） Some teachers teach reading by introducing new vocabulary and structures first and then going over the text sentence by sentence and paragraph by paragraph. This way follows the bottom-up model. Bottom-up model（自下而上） Cavorting in the vicinity of the residential area populated by those piscatorial(捕渔的) avocation, the minuscule crustacean(甲壳，贝壳) was enmeshed in a reticulated(网状的) object. Cavorting-乱蹦乱跳地 vicinity-附近 residential area-居民区 avocation-职业 minuscule-极小的 enmesh-陷入 在渔民密集区附近，那些极小的贝壳乱蹦乱跳地被捕入网中。 The disadvantages of Bottom-up model Sometimes though new vocabulary and structures have been introduced first, readers still can not understand a text well. This model underestimates the active action of the readers. Top-down model（自上而下） Teachers teach the background knowledge first so that students can use this knowledge to guess meaning from the text. This way follows the top-down model. The disadvantages of Top-down model This model pays more attention to the background knowledge and contextual environment ,but ignores the basic language knowledge, such as words、 phrases and sentences. Interactive model（相互作用） The readers’ background knowledge and the text’ words, phrases, sentences and the context will interact with each other to allow the readers to relate the incoming information to already known information. My opinion Different texts need different models. Among the three models, interactive model（相互作用模式）may be the best model for teaching reading. Pre-reading activities The major purpose of it. To create expectations and stimulate the students’ interest in the text. The details of it. Predicting(预测) Setting the scene（创设情景） Skimming（略读） Scanning（寻读） Predicting Predicting