软件工程概论课件第9章.ppt

chapter 9 Testing the System系统的测试 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 9.1principles of system testing系统测试的原则 The objective of unit and integration testing was to ensure that the code implemented the design properly. The objective of system testing was to ensure that the system does what the customer wants it to do.单元测试和集成测试的目标是保证编码正确地实现了设计。系统测试的目的是要保证系统做顾客希望它做的事情。 To understand how to meet this objective, we first must understand where faults in the system come from.为了理解怎样实现这个目标，首先必须理解系统中的错误来自何处。 一、Sources of Software Fault软件错误的根源 Incorrect, missing or unclear requirements Incorrect or unclear translation Incorrect or unclear design specification Misinterpretation of system design Misinterpretation of program design Incorrect documentation Incorrect syntax or semantics Incomplete test procedures New faults introduced when old ones corrected Incomplete test procedures Incorrect user documentation Poor human factors Changes in requirements 一、Sources of Software Faults软件错误的根源 不正确、遗漏或表述不清楚的需求 不正确、遗漏或表述不清楚的转换 不正确或不清楚的设计说明 系统设计的错误解释 程序设计的错误解释 不正确的文档 不正确的语法或语义 不完整的测试过程 当纠正旧的错误时引入的新错误 不完整的测试过程 不正确的用户文档 人为因素 需求变动 二、System testing process 系统测试过程 There are several steps in testing a system(测试一个系统时有如下几个步骤)： Function testing(功能测试): does the integrated system perform as promised by the requirements specification.系统能按需求规格说明的要求运行吗? Performance testing(性能测试): are the non-functional requirements met?是需求说明中的非功能需求? Acceptance testing(验收测试): is the system what the customer expects?是客户所希望的系统? Installation testing(安装测试): does the system run at the customer sites?系统能运行在客户的环境吗? System Testing Process spin plan for gradual testing螺旋化渐进测试计划 Large systems are sometimes unwieldy when tested as one enormous collection of components. A system can be viewed as a nested set of levels or subsystems. Each level is responsible for performing at least the functions of those subsystems it contains. Similarly, we can divide the test system into a nested sequence of subsystem and